Enterprise Development and Microfinance
type: channel
description: Enterprise Development & Microfinance (EDM) contains over 35 years of valuable, practice-based insights into the role of markets, enterprises and financial services in reducing poverty and stimulating economic development. Enterprise Development & Microfinance (ISSN 1755‑1978 print / 1755‑1986 online). A quarterly, peer-reviewed international journal published by Practical Action Publishing (UK). EDM connects rigorous research with practical experience in microenterprise and financial inclusion. Established in 1990 (formerly Small Enterprise Development), it has over 35 years of contributions towards poverty reduction and sustainable development. Enterprise Development & Microfinance (EDM) is a distinguished, peer-reviewed journal that brings together over three decades of impactful scholarship and field-based knowledge on the dynamic interplay between markets, enterprises, and financial services in fostering poverty alleviation and inclusive economic development. Originally launched in March 1990 under the title Small Enterprise Development (SED, ISSN: 0957-1329), the journal has evolved in both scope and influence, maintaining a strong commitment to addressing the real-world challenges faced by micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs), as well as the communities they serve. In March 2008, it was rebranded as Enterprise Development & Microfinance to reflect a broader focus that integrates financial inclusion, market systems, enterprise innovation, and livelihood strategies. What sets EDM apart is its unique blend of academic rigor and practical relevance. Contributions are authored by a diverse global community of scholars, field practitioners, development professionals, and policymakers. The journal’s editorial philosophy centers on producing content that not only contributes to theoretical advancement but also directly informs on-the-ground development practice and institutional strategy. Over the years, EDM has served as a vital resource for: Understanding h…
publisher: Practical Action Publishing
language: en-US
publication name: Enterprise Development and Microfinance
issn: 1755-1978
items: AI–Blockchain Convergence for Inclusive Fintech: Enabling Microenterprise Financing and Trust in Emerging Economies
items: Understanding Digital Consumer Behaviour in Micro and Small Businesses: A Neuro-Marketing Perspective for Inclusive Growth
items: Industry 4.0 for Small Enterprises: Cloud-to-Edge Transformation and Its Impact on Productivity and Employment in Emerging Economies
items: Empowering Entrepreneurs through UPI and Digital Wallets: Assessing Their Role in Financial Inclusion and Enterprise Growth in India
items: AI-Driven Financial Management for MSMEs: Transforming Decision-Making and Access to Finance in Developing Economies
items: Unpacking Standardization in Agent Network Training: Towards an Integrative Framework for Digital Financial Services
items: FinTech-Enabled Microfinance for Last-Mile Communities: A Pathway Toward SDG 1 and SDG 8
items: Digital Lending Platforms and the Transformation of Microenterprises: Evaluating SDG 8 and SDG 9 Outcomes
items: Bridging Misinformation Gaps: A Framework for Enhancing Trust and Financial Literacy in Microinsurance Adoption among Smallholder Farmers
items: AI-Driven Credit Scoring in Microfinance: Enhancing Financial Inclusion for SDG 5 and SDG 10
items: Mapping Flexible Loan Structures: Theoretical Pathways for Adaptive Microfinance in Seasonal Economies
items: Mapping Portfolio-Level Risk Contingency Frameworks for Microfinance Institutions Facing Sectoral Shocks
items: Mobile Wallet Adoption and Microenterprise Growth: Empirical Insights Supporting SDG 8 and SDG 9
items: Blockchain-Based Microfinance Systems for Transparent and Secure Lending: Advancing SDG 16 and SDG 9
items: Redefining Consistency: A Framework for Structured Case Study Reporting in Microenterprise Support Networks
items: Digital Micro-Savings Behaviour among Women Entrepreneurs: Implications for SDG 5 and SDG 8
items: FinTech Innovations in Rural Credit Delivery: Strengthening Sustainable Livelihoods under SDG 1 and SDG 12
items: Synthesizing Trust-Building and Financial Literacy Strategies: Conceptual Foundations for Cooperative Crop Microinsurance Outreach for Rural Development
items: Cashless Ecosystems and Microenterprise Competitiveness: Measuring SDG 8 and SDG 9 Indicators
items: The Role of Digital Identity (e-KYC) in Expanding Microfinance Access: Contribution to SDG 10 and SDG 16
items: QR-Based Micro-Payments and Small Business Resilience: A Digital Path to Achieving SDG 8 and SDG 9
items: EdTech-Microfinance Integration: Designing Intelligent Learning Systems to Enhance Credit Discipline and Enterprise Growth

AI–Blockchain Convergence for Inclusive Fintech: Enabling Microenterprise Financing and Trust in Emerging Economies
type: item
description: Availability of low costs finance is also a thorn in the flesh of micro-enterprises in emerging economies because of poor credit records, high transaction costs, information asymmetries and institutional mistrust. Formal banking systems tend to ignore informal entrepreneurship and limit economic inclusion and economic growth. In order to solve this issue, this paper offers an AI-Blockchain convergence model of inclusive fintech that facilitates data-driven microenterprise financing in a transparent way and enhances trust between stakeholders. The suggested approach is a combination of credit scoring schemes based on artificial intelligence and distributed ledgers and smart contracts built on blockchain technologies. AI models use alternative data sets (e.g., transaction behavior, mobile payments, and patterns of business activity) to produce explainable credit risk ratings, whereas blockchain provides immutability, transparency, and safe implementation of lending agreements without the intermediaries. The real and simulated microfinance datasets have been evaluated experimentally, where it was evidenced that performance improved significantly. The new framework is also characterized by a greater accuracy of credit risk prediction through 22.8% lessening loan default through 17.4% lower operational and verifier costs through 31.6% shorter loan disbursement duration as compared to the traditional microfinance systems. There is also an improvement of 35.9 in the trust and transparency indicators which are measured by the frequency of dispute resolution and the auditability. The results prove the idea of AI-Blockchain convergence that could significantly increase financial inclusion by making credit access more equitable, less systemic, and able to create trust in digital financial ecosystems. The paper concludes that this type of built-in Fintech architecture can be used to transform the empowerment of microenterprises, inclusive economic growth, and resilient financia…
creator: Kamlesh Arun Meshram
creator: Ramkrishna Dikkatwar
creator: Diksha Tripathi
creator: Amey Adinath Choudhari
creator: Avinash Hanmant Ghadage
creator: Nirmal C. Soni
creator: Anagha Bhope
rights: Copyright (c) 2025
date: 2026-02-09
publication date: 2026-02-09
volume: 35
number: 2
starting page: 1–19
ending page: 1–19
doi: 10.3362/edm.v35i2.554

Understanding Digital Consumer Behaviour in Micro and Small Businesses: A Neuro-Marketing Perspective for Inclusive Growth
type: item
description: Micro and small businesses (MSBs) are increasingly turning to digital platforms to access consumers but the behaviour of digital consumers is not well understood and hampering their capacity to attain inclusive and sustainable growth. The classic analytics will record observed behaviour but never get the cognitive and emotional processes that drive someone to make an online purchase decision. This paper fills this gap by using neuro-marketing approach to comprehend the influence of sub-conscious on digital consumer behaviour in MSBs. MSBs do not have evidence-based information on the cognitive attention, emotional involvement, and decision biases of consumers in online settings and are implementing marketing techniques that are inefficient and ineffective in getting the conversion. This study aims to examine neuro-marketing indicators that dictate consumer behaviour on the internet and to evaluate their effects on engagement, establishing trust and purchase intention towards inclusive business growth. A Neuro-Behavioural Analytics Framework (NBAF) was used, which is an eye tracking proxies, EEG-inspired attention indices, sentiment analysis and clickstream data with machine-learning models. The relationships among neuro-cognitive variables and consumer responses of the various MSB digital platforms were assessed through structural equation modelling and supervised classification. The findings show that the intensity of attention was able to increase engagement by 34.6 percent, emotional resonance by purchase intention by 28.9 percent, trust cues by conversion rates by 22.4 percent as well as personalized stimuli by boosting repeat visits by 31.2 percent over traditional online marketing strategies. The paper finds that digital-based strategies facilitated by neuro-marketing can encourage the competitiveness and inclusion of consumers of MSB considerably. The presented framework provides scalable and cost-efficient advice to policy-makers and entrepreneurs, and the f…
creator: Namita Chawla
creator: Nilesh Anute
creator: Kunal Patil
creator: Shailesh Tripathi
creator: Ganesh Pathak
creator: Sachin Chavan
rights: Copyright (c) 2025
date: 2026-02-09
publication date: 2026-02-09
volume: 35
number: 2
starting page: 20–35
ending page: 20–35
doi: 10.3362/edm.v35i2.556

Industry 4.0 for Small Enterprises: Cloud-to-Edge Transformation and Its Impact on Productivity and Employment in Emerging Economies
type: item
description: This paper analyses how small and medium-sized enterprises (SME) in the emerging economies are adopting Industry 4.0 with specific reference to cloud-to-edge transformation and its potential impact on productivity and employment. Although the use of new digital technologies has become common among large ventures, SMEs are usually constrained due to cost, capacity, infrastructures, and data management. The article builds a conceptual cloud-to-edge Industry 4.0 system that combines IoT-enabled systems, edge and fog nodes, and scalable cloud servers to aid in real-time analytics, automation, and data-driven decision-making under resource-limited conditions. The survey evidence, secondary datasets, and example case studies of manufacturing, service, and agro-industrial SMEs are mixed with the survey evidence in the study using the mixed-method research design. The effects of productivity are measured in terms of operation efficiency, decreased downtime, quality, and responsiveness of the supply chain, whereas the effects of employment are measured regarding creation of jobs, change in tasks, intensity of skill, and productivity of labour. The results show that the cloud-to-edge architectures contribute to much better visibility of the processes and predictive maintenance as well as latency reduction in comparison to cloud-only systems, which translate to productivity gains. The impact on employment is less obvious: there is a tendency to replace routine tasks with robots, but there are new jobs in the field of supervising systems, data processing and management, and high demand for reskilling. The paper identifies policy, infrastructure, and capability-building issues that should be in place to result in inclusive digital transformation.
creator: Namita Chawla
creator: Aditya Hanmant Katkar
creator: Manisha Maddel
creator: Abhijeet Thakur
creator: Babasaheb Jotiram Mohite
creator: Pritish Prabhakar Bisne
rights: Copyright (c) 2025
date: 2026-02-09
publication date: 2026-02-09
volume: 35
number: 2
starting page: 36–54
ending page: 36–54
doi: 10.3362/edm.v35i2.558

Empowering Entrepreneurs through UPI and Digital Wallets: Assessing Their Role in Financial Inclusion and Enterprise Growth in India
type: item
description: The fast growth of digital payment ecosystems in India, which is driven by the Unified Payments Interface (UPI) and digital wallets, has radically reshaped the entrepreneurial finance and operations of the business. This paper discusses the importance of UPI and digital wallets in enhancing financial inclusion and enabling the growth of enterprises among entrepreneurs; specifically the micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs). The study is based on a mixed-method empirical approach, where survey-based primary data of entrepreneurs in urban and rural areas and secondary data of national payment statistics and fintech reports are combined. These are the adoption drivers, intensity of use, efficiency of transactions, and transparency, which are systematically examined to gain insight on behavioural and structural determinants that affect the uptake of the digital payment. The results suggest that UPI and digital wallets significantly decrease the transaction cost, increase the speed of payments, and financial visibility, in turn, decreasing the use of cash and unstructured financial activities. Enhanced access to institutional financial services, such as savings, credit, and insurance services, is also brought out as a major route through which the digital payments enhance financial inclusion. Record of transactions made by digital platforms also assist in assessing creditworthiness, as well as access to formal credit becomes easier among the businesspeople. Regarding the enterprise performance, there are increased volumes of transactions, better revenue stability, efficiency of operations, and increased market penetration associated with digital payment adoption. As can be seen through comparative analysis, UPI is more scalable and interoperable whereas digital wallets provide value added services that can be useful in customer engagement.
creator: Bipin Rambhaji Bankar
creator: Kamlesh Arun Meshram
creator: Rita Kakade
creator: Harshal Raje
creator: Mahesh Uday Mangaonkar
creator: Nirmal C. Soni
creator: Sachin Chavan
rights: Copyright (c) 2025
date: 2026-02-09
publication date: 2026-02-09
volume: 35
number: 2
starting page: 55–73
ending page: 55–73
doi: 10.3362/edm.v35i2.559

AI-Driven Financial Management for MSMEs: Transforming Decision-Making and Access to Finance in Developing Economies
type: item
description: Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprise (MSME) is the core of the employment creation and stability of the developing economies, but is characterized by inability to make financial decisions, cash-flow management, and access to formal finance on a consistent basis. This research paper suggests a financial management framework, based on AI in which the financial intelligence and credit accessibility of MSMEs are improved by applying the algorithms of the Random Forest, Long Short-Memory (LSTM), and Gradient Boosting (XGBoost). Random Forest models are used to classify credit risks that are robust on transactional and alternative financial data whereas LSTM networks are used to identify time trends in cash-flow behaviour so as to properly forecast revenues, and plan liquidity. XGBoost is used to optimize the prediction of loan approval and risk of default by means of nonlinear interaction of features. The suggested framework automates the expense classification, forecasts the short-term and future cash-flow and creates real-time financial advice, which minimizes information asymmetry between MSMEs and financial institutions. According to the empirical data, AI-based financial management allows to enhance the accuracy of cash-flow predictions by more than 25 %, enhance credit approvals by nearly 18 % and shorten the average time of loan processing by nearly 40 % compared to the traditional rule-based systems. Also, MSMEs that embrace AI-driven tools exhibit better financial transparency, reduce the cost of operations and better resistance to fluctuations in the market. The study arrives at the conclusion that the implementation of AI in financial management systems can considerably transform the way MSME decision-making is carried out, as data-driven strategies become feasible, risk mitigation strategies are proactive, and finance is available to all. These results highlight the opportunities of smart fintech solution to enhance the sustainability of MSMEs, promote financi…
creator: Amey Adinath Choudhari
creator: Kamlesh Arun Meshram
creator: Nitul Jyoti Das
creator: Mahesh Devidas Mahankal
creator: Avinash Hanmant Ghadage
creator: Aditee Huparikar Shah
rights: Copyright (c) 2025
date: 2026-02-09
publication date: 2026-02-09
volume: 35
number: 2
starting page: 74–90
ending page: 74–90
doi: 10.3362/edm.v35i2.560

Unpacking Standardization in Agent Network Training: Towards an Integrative Framework for Digital Financial Services
type: item
description: Those FinTech’s which want to reach trusted DFS and those even in regions where a broad number of DFS agents may be available and a large variety of levels of computer-literacy exist, need to address successfully how to train their agents. This research has reviewed existing evidence base on training modalities and tools and adult learning theories that are applicable to digital financial services and specifically to the cash in/cash out equation in which agent capacity is a significant factor. Adopting an integrated framework development and a structured analytic review process, this research integrate work among, agent distribution channel, and inclusive training designs, and distil four essential logistics of effective agent training: modular content delivery, multimodal delivery vehicles, onsite adaptation, and continuous support. Furthermore, it provided with a taxonomy of contextual and agent factors to influence member learning outcomes and instruction on how to implement scalable and adaptive training. The last integrated model depicts the pragmatic importance and ‘absorption’ of such a model in practice and also reflects industry considerations including, the adoptability by fintech’s, the potential to cater for different literacy levels, improving agent retention and service consistency. These findings offer a basis for providers to customize agent on-boarding and skills enhancement to compliance and consumer protection needs and for policy makers to set norms that support financial and inclusion ecosystems that are safe for all customers. Lastly, this paper adds on proof based solution to sustained growth and improved quality of agent networks in remote and under-served areas.
creator: Ganesh Waghmare
creator: Satyawan Changadev Hembade
creator: Neha Ramteke
creator: Shweta Joglekar
creator: Anita Desai
creator: Rajeev Sharma
rights: Copyright (c) 2025
date: 2026-02-09
publication date: 2026-02-09
volume: 35
number: 2
starting page: 91–112
ending page: 91–112
doi: 10.3362/edm.v35i2.561

FinTech-Enabled Microfinance for Last-Mile Communities: A Pathway Toward SDG 1 and SDG 8
type: item
description: Microfinance made possible through FinTech has become an effective catalyst of financial inclusion to last-mile communities and a plausible route to Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 1 (No Poverty) and SDG 8 (Decent Work and Economic Growth). Through digital payment solutions, mobile banking, AI-based credit check, and data analytics, FinTech can minimize the structure, i.e., geographic isolation, the absence of formal credit history, and elevated transaction rates. This digitalization enhances the ability of the microfinance institutions to provide affordable, scalable and inclusive financial services, which contribute to livelihood creation and economic resiliency of locals. Although the world is making strides in financial inclusion, last-mile communities are still overrepresented in the informal financial framework. Microfinance models Traditional models of microfinance are inefficient in their operations, have limited reach, are characterized by high default risk, and rely on manual processes. These limitations limit access to credit, savings, and insurance products on a timely basis and therefore limit entrepreneurial activities and sustainable production of employment. The existing literature tends to separate FinTech innovation and the development of microfinance, with little conceptualization of the two at an SDG-based level of critique. Evidence of the linkage of FinTech-enabling models of microfinance with quantifiable results on poverty alleviation and decent work in underserved areas is lacking. The current paper suggests a hybrid FinTech-microfinance model that builds on mobile apps, digital identities, risk scoring based on artificial intelligence, and real-time tracking to improve its outreach and financial sustainability. It contributes to the fact that technological innovation was aligned with the SDG indicators, showed better outcomes in income stability, growth of micro-enterprises, job creation, and inclusive economic development, thus contribu…
creator: Kireeti Gudipati
creator: Gurpreet Kaur
creator: Chuanyong Ji
creator: Mandar K Mokashi
creator: Sonali Prashant Bhoite
creator: Piyush K. Ingole
rights: Copyright (c) 2025
date: 2026-02-09
publication date: 2026-02-09
volume: 35
number: 2
starting page: 113–125
ending page: 113–125
doi: 10.3362/edm.v35i2.562

Digital Lending Platforms and the Transformation of Microenterprises: Evaluating SDG 8 and SDG 9 Outcomes
type: item
description: Digital lending platforms are changing the microenterprise world in a very fast way improving the access to credit, increasing productivity and innovation, hence directly impacting Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 8 (Decent Work and Economic Growth) and SDG 9 (Industry, Innovation, and Infrastructure). This paper will compare the degree to which digital lending can speed up the performance of microenterprises relative to the conventional models of microfinance, in particular, the employment creation, increase in revenues, and the digitalization of microenterprises. The study is based on a mixed-methods approach, which integrates quantitative research with microenterprise performance indicators and qualitative data obtained through case studies of the platform level. When comparing the outcomes, microenterprises that leveraged the services of digital lending experienced 26.8% more revenue growth per year, 21.4% more jobs created, and loan borrowing time 33.6 times faster than the microenterprises that used traditional lending channels. Also, there was an increment in technology adoption and use of digital transactions by 41.2, which means that it is very close to SDG 9 outcomes in terms of infrastructure and innovation. The research strategy combines the difference-in-differences analysis, performance measures as surveys, and platform analytics to evaluate the pre- and postadoption effects. The results show that algorithmic credit scoring, mobile loan access, and realtime monitoring have a significant impact on the reduction of financing limitations and operation inefficiencies. The article adds empirical data between digital finance and quantifiable SDG results and mentions digital lending as a universal policy tool to promote inclusive industrialization and sustainable economic development.
creator: Nilesh Anute
creator: G. Gopalakrishnan
creator: Chuanyong Ji
creator: Shilpa Gaidhani
creator: Vanandana Hindurao Shinde
creator: Shailesh Tripathi
rights: Copyright (c) 2025
date: 2026-02-09
publication date: 2026-02-09
volume: 35
number: 2
starting page: 126–139
ending page: 126–139
doi: 10.3362/edm.v35i2.563

Bridging Misinformation Gaps: A Framework for Enhancing Trust and Financial Literacy in Microinsurance Adoption among Smallholder Farmers
type: item
description: The small holder farmers in general have less access to the crop insurance due to their lack of awareness and also their sustained lack of faith or mis-understanding of the financial agencies. This paper provides an integrated mental model that brings together trust, healthy behaviour theories and established models of financial literacy to systematically review targeted financial education, community being based outreach, and responsive customer support as a means by which the barriers can be overcome. Building on a taxonomy of outreach strategies that had emerged from co-operative society intervention models, it evaluates mechanisms for re-establishing trust and long-term loyalty to microinsurance products. The model charts the spread of misinformation and articulates its impact on farmer beliefs, explicitly linking greater financial literacy to greater trust in the formal financial system. We learn that participatory communication, understandable claim processes, and culturally-relevant educational activities as they apply to crop insurance can significantly improve reach and engagement, lift financial literacy scores before and after interventions, and encourage enrolment and retention in crop insurance programs. The framework offers actionable directions for research, policy, and practice to build scalable interventions that would redress both the immediate context specificity of information gaps and the structural drivers of mistrust as means to enhance financial resilience among agricultural populations.
creator: Maroti V. Kendre
creator: Anil Laxmanrao Wakekar
creator: Shripada Patil
creator: Pranita Sonar
creator: Sidharth Jain
creator: Sunil Thakur
rights: Copyright (c) 2025
date: 2026-02-09
publication date: 2026-02-09
volume: 35
number: 2
starting page: 140–163
ending page: 140–163
doi: 10.3362/edm.v35i2.564

AI-Driven Credit Scoring in Microfinance: Enhancing Financial Inclusion for SDG 5 and SDG 10
type: item
description: AI-based credit scoring is progressively transforming microfinance by facilitating more inclusive, data-driven, and fair lending by focusing particularly on Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) 5 on Gender Equality and SDG 10 on Reduced Inequalities. Conventional ways of evaluating credit tend to lock out women, informal employees, and marginalized individuals based on limited collateral, skimpy credit report, and human prejudice. The author of this paper discusses the role of artificial intelligence methods like machine learning, alternative data analytics, and explainable artificial intelligence in promoting credit access and minimizing systemic discrimination in microfinance systems. The research design is mixed-methods with the combination of quantitative research on AI-based credit models and qualitative research on the results of borrower inclusion. Accuracy, default prediction, and reduction of bias are used to measure model performance whereas inclusion impact is measured based on the rates of gender participation, equity in loan approval and income mobility measures. The comparative analysis of AI-based credit scoring shows that it enhances by 29.4 percent the rate of loan approval by women borrowers and by 24.1 percent the rate of error due to income-based exclusions in comparison to rule-based systems. This is because the predictability of default risk is enhanced by 18.6 per cent without necessarily piling interest pressure on the at-risk borrowers. The results reveal that financial inclusion can be increased and responsible lending facilitated with the help of transparent and fairness sensitive AI models. With the potential to facilitate gender-inclusive entrepreneurship and decrease structural credit inequalities, AI-driven credit scoring becomes an important facilitator of inclusive economic behaviour, social fairness, and sustainable microfinance development in line with SDG 5 and SDG 10 in all developing economies in the world.
creator: Arun Khatri
creator: Ahmad Murtaza Alvi
creator: Syeda Soophiya Mariyum
creator: Xiyu Zhang
creator: Ravi Baijulal Bhandari
creator: Balkrishna K Patil
rights: Copyright (c) 2025
date: 2026-02-09
publication date: 2026-02-09
volume: 35
number: 2
starting page: 164–177
ending page: 164–177
doi: 10.3362/edm.v35i2.565

Mapping Flexible Loan Structures: Theoretical Pathways for Adaptive Microfinance in Seasonal Economies
type: item
description: Microfinance in these seasonal economies is a significant challenge for MFI to correspond loan cycles with smallholder farmers’ short-lived cash flow while balancing between client demand and institutional sustainability. It is a concept paper and aims to map theoretical routes for adaptive loan design that draw from financial services provision models, enterprise risk management theories, and literature on income seasonality and stochasticity. Building on a representational foundation, the article sets out a comprehensive industry architecture depicting the interplay of flexibility in the loan product, risk reduction in the portfolio, and administrative feasibility. A typology of flexible repayment schedules, principles for modular loan products, and examples of governance structures that reduce moral hazard and delinquency will be delivered. The model's emphasis is on its lending disbursal of loans and repayment amounts aligning with crop cycles and the earning calendar for micro-enterprisers. The results show that they are conceptually feasible, have the potential to make the model more comprehensive, have the potential to decrease the risk of the portfolio, and have the potential of still being an efficient functioning. The implications are used to create lending practices and policies leading to increased inclusion and resilience for clients in a seasonally variable income situation.
creator: Prashant Suresh Salve
creator: Vijaya Amitesh Gondane
creator: Priya Gupta
creator: Rajesh Uttam Kanthe
creator: Rajeev Sharma
creator: Vaishali Pawan Wawage
rights: Copyright (c) 2025
date: 2026-02-09
publication date: 2026-02-09
volume: 35
number: 2
starting page: 178–198
ending page: 178–198
doi: 10.3362/edm.v35i2.566

Mapping Portfolio-Level Risk Contingency Frameworks for Microfinance Institutions Facing Sectoral Shocks
type: item
description: Microfinance institutions operating in rural sectors tend to be subject to high default and non-repayment rates, and have difficulties to sustain their portfolios in case of sector specific economic shocks, such as crop failure. This paper explores why there are no models or resource tools available to combine portfolio-level risk signals to the contingency planning in systemic distress such as the current crises. Using method of conceptual mapping and establishing an integrated framework, the paper proposes a taxonomy to classify key and lagging indicators of repayment stress (portfolio default rate, loan recovery ratio, repayment regularity index, portfolio at risk (PAR)) for different classes of borrowers. The framework also enables the identification of mitigation levers and defines dynamic strategies for portfolio rebalancing and segment specific interventions. Results reveal that when managers detect distress signals in the portfolio early by analysing pipeline, redistribution of resources and adjusting credit policy helps them to ensure operational resilience and sustained financial inclusion post a shock, during uncertain times. Practical recommendations are provided on how to apply this concept in institutional monitoring systems, obstacles to implementation, and its iterative tuning through the use of portfolio health metrics. The main contribution is a practical action plan for microfinance operators and regulators to enhance portfolio risk management and preserve credit quality in the face of sectoral shock.
creator: Sonia Sorte
creator: Mohit Malik
creator: Samir N. Ajani
creator: Amena Ansari
creator: Anurag Shakya
creator: Pawan Wawage
rights: Copyright (c) 2025
date: 2025-12-31
publication date: 2025-12-31
volume: 35
number: 2
starting page: 199–225
ending page: 199–225
doi: 10.3362/edm.v35i2.568

Mobile Wallet Adoption and Microenterprise Growth: Empirical Insights Supporting SDG 8 and SDG 9
type: item
description: This paper explores how mobile wallet adoption leads to the growth of microenterprises, particularly how it fulfils sustainable development goal 8 (Decent Work and Economic Growth) and sustainable development goal 9 (Industry, Innovation, and Infrastructure). Based on empirical information on 420 microenterprises in urban and semi-urban areas, the research uses econometric regression and propensity score matching to evaluate adopters and non-adopters of mobile wallets. The results indicate that mobile wallet enabled companies had an average annual revenue growth of 27.8 %, a 22.4 % greater efficiency of transactions and an 18.6 % lower operating cost than cash based business. The number of jobs created among adopters rose by 15.32, and business survival rates went up by 19.12 through a period of three years. Using SDG 9 lens, the use of digital payment resulted in a rise in formal financial inclusion by 31.7 percent and the access to credit and digital services by 24.9 percent. Comparative study also reveals that female microenterprises with mobile wallets in use had 12.6% greater productivity gains than their male counterparts, which is evidence of inclusive effects of innovation. As indicated by outcome analysis, mobile wallets consolidate market linkages, decrease the financial friction, and bolster enterprise resilience to the economic shocks. By and large, the article shows that the use of mobile wallet is a scalable digital infrastructure intervention, which scales technological access into quantifiable economic growth, employment, and innovation capacity at the microenterprise level thus offering excellent empirical evidence on why policy is aligned with SDG 8 and SDG 9 goals at the global level.
creator: Altaf Abdullatif Shaikh
creator: Shubhangee Ramaswamy
creator: Xiyu Zhang
creator: Mangalgouri S Patil
creator: Parag Kalkar
creator: Suvarna Suhas Sathe
rights: Copyright (c) 2025
date: 2025-11-09
publication date: 2025-11-09
volume: 35
number: 2
starting page: 226–238
ending page: 226–238
doi: 10.3362/edm.v35i2.569

Blockchain-Based Microfinance Systems for Transparent and Secure Lending: Advancing SDG 16 and SDG 9
type: item
description: Microfinance systems that are built using blockchain have become a revolutionary approach to solving the long-standing problems of transparency, security, and trust with conventional microfinance institutions especially in developing economies. Traditional microfinance models usually have lack of transparency in record keeping, high operation costs, and mismanagement of loans and low accountability which limit financial inclusion and development of sustainable infrastructure. The paper presents a microfinance system based on blockchain and developed to support the Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 16 (Peace, Justice, and Strong Institutions) and SDG 9 (Industry, Innovation, and Infrastructure). The suggested system builds upon distributed ledger technology, smart contracts and decentralized mechanisms of identity to provide tamperproof records of transactions, automated loan disbursement, transparent interest compute-ups and secure repayment monitoring. The framework improves institutional integrity, minimizes the fraud risks, and decreases the cost of transactions between the lenders and borrowers by removing middlemen and providing real-time auditability. The empirical study and the analysis performed via simulation proves that the blockchain-based system can considerably enhance the transparency of loans, minimize the number of default disputes, as well as the trust between the borrower and the lender in contrast to the traditional microfinance system. It also shows that it has been able to improve access to credit by underserved populations and the scalability of digital financial infrastructure. Generally, the research paper identifies that blockchain-enhanced microfinance not only facilitates responsible and inclusive financial institutions in line with SDG 16 but also leads to innovation-related financial infrastructure in line with SDG 9. The suggested model can be very useful to policymakers, developers of fintech, and microfinance institutions willing to …
creator: Anil Laxmanrao Wakekar
creator: Amol Bhilare
creator: Arun Khatri
creator: Shihan Gao
creator: Swati Srivastava
creator: Neha Ramteke
rights: Copyright (c) 2026
date: 2026-02-09
publication date: 2026-02-09
volume: 35
number: 2
starting page: 239–252
ending page: 239–252
doi: 10.3362/edm.v35i2.570

Redefining Consistency: A Framework for Structured Case Study Reporting in Microenterprise Support Networks
type: item
description: Knowledge is power, and capacity for learning and outreach is central to microenterprise development—yet incomplete recordkeeping of case study data undermines organizational learning for practitioner networks. Responding to this absence, the present article offers a novel integrative analysis model to guide and systematize microenterprise case study reporting. The framework was developed by drawing on the theoretical literature in knowledge management, organizational learning, and program evaluation, which yielded a set of propositions and a common terminology designed specifically for the context of practitioner networks. This compromises the flexibility that is necessary in diverse intervention contexts with the requirement for comparability and cross-case synthesis. Specific analyses concentrate on the system's promise for enhancing cross-case learning, institutional memory and feedback loops to donors and policymakers. It also includes consideration of operational problems, with practical suggestions for the manner in which the framework can be introduced into NGOs and other collaborating systems programme cycles. Through the incremental improvements in rigor and reporting over time, the proposed framework has the potential to dramatically facilitate learning for the field, to increase the number and quality of lessons learned per review cycle, and to strengthen the evidence base for policy and funding decisions in the microenterprise field.
creator: Avinash Dhavan
creator: Swati Desai
creator: Devendra Puntambekar
creator: Ramchandra Vasant Mahadik
creator: Deepti Deshmukh
creator: Niyati Sharma
rights: Copyright (c) 2026
date: 2026-02-09
publication date: 2026-02-09
volume: 35
number: 2
starting page: 253–278
ending page: 253–278
doi: 10.3362/edm.v35i2.571

Digital Micro-Savings Behaviour among Women Entrepreneurs: Implications for SDG 5 and SDG 8
type: item
description: Digital micro-savings programs have developed into essential female empowerment in entrepreneurship, although few attempts have found systematic evidence of the behavioural effect of the intervention. This paper examines the behaviour of digital micro-savings by female entrepreneurs and its effects on SDG 5 (Gender Equality) and SDG 8 (Decent Work and Economic Growth). The main issue under consideration is the endemic disparity in the attainment of formal means of savings, financial independence and capital formation by women that limit business development and economic involvement. The paper takes a mixed-methodology that incorporates a systematic survey of women micro-entrepreneurs, transaction data on digital savings apps, and statistical analysis of savings behaviour. The findings show that the use of digital micro-savings instruments increased the participation in regular savings by 42.6 percent, and the volume of savings per month increased by 37.4 percent versus informal traditional approaches. Artificial independence in financial decision-making increased in 48.1% of the participants which directly contributed to SDG 5 goals on women economic empowerment. Economically, 31.8 percent of users said that through the accumulated savings, they had reinvested their businesses and businesses became more stable in terms of enterprise income, which was in line with SDG 8 results. The results also indicate that there was a decrease of 26.3 percent in the use of the high interest informal credit because of the availability of online savings buffers. The conclusion of this study proves that digital micro-savings systems contribute greatly to financial resilience, continuity of entrepreneurship, and inclusive economic development of women-led businesses. All in all, the article serves as empirical evidence that digitally enabled savings behaviour is an effective policy and fintech intervention to promote gender equality and sustainable job creation in the developing econo…
creator: Veena Rani Karankoti
creator: Gitanjali Shrivastava
creator: Shihan Gao
creator: Satish S. Uplaonkar
creator: Pranita Sonar
creator: Prashant Panwar
rights: Copyright (c) 2025
date: 2026-02-09
publication date: 2026-02-09
volume: 35
number: 2
starting page: 279–291
ending page: 279–291
doi: 10.3362/edm.v35i2.572

FinTech Innovations in Rural Credit Delivery: Strengthening Sustainable Livelihoods under SDG 1 and SDG 12
type: item
description: Rural credit delivery is changing due to the FinTech innovation that solved the long-standing hindrances of access, transparency, and sustainability that erode poverty alleviation and responsible consumption. This paper discusses the strength of digital financial technologies in strengthening sustainable livelihoods in the context of Sustainable Development Goal 1 and Sustainable Development Goal 12. The paper implements three combined strategies: a blockchain-enabled ledger of credit to enhance transparency and trust, an AI-based credit score system based on alternative rural data to enhance inclusion, and mobile-based microfinance systems to allow monitoring of the last-mile delivery and repaying. Based on mixed empirical analysis of rural borrower samples and field-level adoption measures, the data indicates that FinTech-empowered credit models raise debt accessibility by 32, cut transaction costs by 27, and raise loan repayment rates by 21 percent relative to the conventional rural lending systems. These findings also suggest that clear online databases will limit credit abuse and promote productive use in agriculture, micro-enterprises, and sustainable consumption behavior that will have a direct impact on livelihood resilience. The paper's conclusion reveals that by combining smart credit analytics and secure online infrastructure, not only is financial inclusion enhanced, but also rural financing corresponds to environmentally and socially responsible economic practices. Policy implications have been noted to point to the fact that FinTech-based rural credit provision can be a growth route towards poverty alleviation and facilitation of resource-efficient production and consumption. Generally, the research substantiates that effective FinTech models are essential facilitators of inclusive expansion, sustainable life quality, and long-term development effects as per SDG 1 and SDG 12, both universally and domestically.
creator: Pratibha V. Kashid
creator: Davinder Kaur Sohi
creator: Lei Liu
creator: Ashutosh Kulkarni
creator: Sadhana Sargam
rights: Copyright (c) 2025
date: 2026-02-09
publication date: 2026-02-09
volume: 35
number: 2
starting page: 292–305
ending page: 292–305
doi: 10.3362/edm.v35i2.573

Synthesizing Trust-Building and Financial Literacy Strategies: Conceptual Foundations for Cooperative Crop Microinsurance Outreach for Rural Development
type: item
description: Crop microinsurance penetration rate is low among the smallholder farmers mainly because of the traditional lack of trust in the financial institutions and the lack of knowledge about procedures to claim. To address that challenge, this study utilizes existing trust-building theory, financial capability frameworks, and community-based outreach models to generate an integrated model applicable to product cooperatives. Using principles of systematic review and synthesis, this paper charts a course through the literature base to illustrate the ways programming implementation, communication transparency and peer-led intervention are already understood to successfully counter skepticism and misunderstanding. On such barriers such as information asymmetry, culture of negativity and historical final non-payment is been identified and thereby the mappings so derived lead the design of taxonomies in intervention trigger points in cooperative societies. The examination provides a matrix of outreach and literacy to assist in the development of context-specific, optimised interventions, which has practical implications for both practice and policy. It also identifies specific measures (e.g., trust perceptions) to assess intervention effectiveness, application of academic measures (i.e., financial literacy, intention to enrol), intermediate outcomes (i.e., reduction of misinformation among hard-to-reach populations), and participation in outreach. Our systematic approach also offers a practical foundation for the development and testing of microinsurance uptake-promoting interventions to facilitate inclusive and sustainable development of local financial systems in rural settings.
creator: Pravin Mane
creator: Samir N. Ajani
creator: Amena Ansari
creator: Mukesh Parashar
creator: Ashok Kumar Upadhyay
creator: Anupama Abhijeet Deshpande
rights: Copyright (c) 2025
date: 2026-02-09
publication date: 2026-02-09
volume: 35
number: 2
starting page: 306–327
ending page: 306–327
doi: 10.3362/edm.v35i2.574

Cashless Ecosystems and Microenterprise Competitiveness: Measuring SDG 8 and SDG 9 Indicators
type: item
description: The paper presents the role of cashless ecosystems in increasing competitiveness of microenterprises and in particular, quantifying the progress towards SDG 8 (Decent Work and Economic Growth) and SDG 9 (Industry, Innovation, and Infrastructure). Microenterprises in the emerging economies are usually limited in the access to finance, productivity, and integration. The shift to digital and cashless payment systems is an opportunity with a revolutionary change to overcome these challenges through enhancing transaction efficiency, financial inclusivity, and innovation capability. The study combines both a mixed inventory and empirical research method as it (i) analyses the effect of the adoption of digital payments on the growth of revenues and job creation through the use of econometric regression analysis, (ii) examines the correlation between cashless use, operational efficiency, and readiness to innovate through the application of structural equation modeling (SEM), and (iii) measures the infrastructure and technology integration level among microenterprises using a digital maturity index approach. A study sample of 420 registered microenterprises in urban and semi-urban areas were used in collecting data. The results demonstrate that the introduction of cashless payment systems resulted in the annual revenue growth by 27.6 percent, the labour productivity growth by 19.4 percent, and the transaction costs decrease by 22.1 percent, which contribute directly to SDG 8 goals. Moreover, businesses that operated on an innovative digital payment system showed a 31.8% increase in the rate of innovation adoption and a 24.7% better market connectivity, which indicates a high level of alignment to SDG 9 indicators. On the whole, the paper finds that cashless ecosystems provide a substantial boost to competitiveness of microenterprises through inclusive growth, innovation and resilient digital infrastructure, providing important policy implications to expedite sustainable econ…
creator: Vishakha A. Gaidhani
creator: Prince Kumar
creator: Guijie .
creator: P. S. Vikhe
creator: Leena Deshpande
rights: Copyright (c) 2025
date: 2026-02-09
publication date: 2026-02-09
volume: 35
number: 2
starting page: 328–340
ending page: 328–340
doi: 10.3362/edm.v35i2.575

The Role of Digital Identity (e-KYC) in Expanding Microfinance Access: Contribution to SDG 10 and SDG 16
type: item
description: This paper discusses how digital identity systems and specifically the electronic Know Your Customer (e-KYC) can be used to increase access to microfinance and support SDG 10 (Reduced Inequalities) and SDG 16 (Peace, Justice, and Strong Institutions). Regardless of the rise of digital finance, they still discriminate against the marginalized groups based on restrictive identity verification procedures, high onboarding fees, and low institutional trust. The fundamental issue dealt with in this study is the existing identity barrier, which restricts the reach of microfinance to the informal workers, rural families, and those with low-income businesses and enterprises. The literature review indicates that there is an identified gap of critical importance where empirical research has not been done to establish the relationship between e-KYC adoption and inequality reduction outcomes and institutional efficiency in the microfinance ecosystems. To close this gap, the study will use a mixed-method approach that integrates logistic regression analysis that can measure changes in probability of accessing the loan, difference-in-differences estimation that will measure pre- and post-implementation of e-KYC effects, and process efficiency analysis that will measure compliance cost and time saving in reaction to verification. The results of the panel data analysis, which included 380 microfinance institutions and 1,200 borrowers, suggest that the implementation of e-KYC had a positive impact on the first-time borrower inclusion rate (34.7) and a shorter customer onboarding time (62.3) and lower verification costs (41.5), which directly address SDG 10 goals on financial inclusion. Also, better identity verification increased institutional transparency and prevented fraud, and fraud involving identity became less frequent (by 28.9 percent), which supports SDG 16 goals. The impact of the study is in the ability to present the quantifiable evidence that digital identity infrastruct…
creator: Bhalchandra M Hardas
creator: Mukesh Patil
creator: Jie Feng
creator: Pranali Chavan
creator: Ananta Narayana
creator: Neetu kumari
rights: Copyright (c) 2025
date: 2026-02-09
publication date: 2026-02-09
volume: 35
number: 2
starting page: 341–353
ending page: 341–353
doi: 10.3362/edm.v35i2.576

QR-Based Micro-Payments and Small Business Resilience: A Digital Path to Achieving SDG 8 and SDG 9
type: item
description: QR-based micro-payments have become a revolutionary digital infrastructure to small business in the developing and emerging economies, allowing small-cost interoperable and immediate transactions. This paper analyses the role of the adoption of QR-based payment in increasing the resilience of small businesses and supporting Sustainable Development Goal 8 on decent work and economic growth and SDG 9 on industry, innovation, and infrastructure. The study assesses the effects on revenue stability, operational continuity, and access to the market by a mixed-method approach involving the use of survey data collected on micro and small enterprises, transaction-level analysis as well as regression-based resilience modeling. There is empirical evidence that firms that implemented QR payments grew their transaction volume by 18-26% and their monthly income steadiness by 12-19% and their cash-managed risks by 21% relative to cash-related companies. The formal financial integration was also enhanced by the use of digital payment, with 34 per cent of companies accessing microcredit or digital savings products one year after adoption. Infrastructurally speaking, QR systems reduced the barriers to going into digital business, raised the standards of interoperability between payment platforms, and facilitated local service innovation. The article also results in the strongest gains in resilience between women-owned enterprises and informal enterprises that conduct their operations in high volatility market conditions. Altogether, the results indicate that QR-based micro-payments can offer a digital channel of scale to enhance resistance of small businesses, fasten financial inclusion, and promote sustainable economic performance in accordance with the priorities of global development.
creator: Aman Gupta
creator: Suma Sidramappa Hoaamani
creator: Jie Feng
creator: Mona Sharma
creator: Mukesh Patil
creator: Poonam Jagdish Patil
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Author https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
date: 2026-02-09
publication date: 2026-02-09
volume: 35
number: 2
starting page: 354
ending page: 368
doi: 10.3362/edm.v35i2.578

EdTech-Microfinance Integration: Designing Intelligent Learning Systems to Enhance Credit Discipline and Enterprise Growth
type: item
description: This study adds an adaptive digital learning component to routine microfinance loan servicing to support repayment discipline and enterprise income. In day-to-day operations, training and coaching are difficult to tailor and to measure using routine records, so comparable operational study designs are limited. The protocol delivers short lessons at servicing touchpoints and compares clusters assigned to the learning layer versus standard practice. Over 6 months, outcomes will be taken from repayment records and brief enterprise surveys, including on-time repayment rate and 30+ days past due. Differences between arms will be reported with 95% confidence intervals that account for clustering, alongside planned checks for missing data and cross-arm exposure. The blueprint links implementation steps to measurable indicators for microfinance institutions and monitoring and evaluation specialists running routine programs.
creator: Bipin Sule
creator: Sai Kiran Oruganti
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Author https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
date: 2026-02-09
publication date: 2026-02-09
volume: 35
number: 2
starting page: 368
ending page: 389
doi: 10.3362/edm.v35i2.579